Grover Cleveland free essay sample

State and local governments ran campaigns: chose candidates, raised money, gave out jobs Regulating the Money Supply: All money was gold or silver, or was backed in it; Bankers/politicians favored hard money, debtors and poor liked soft money Silver advocates passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which made treasury buy 4. 5 mil oz. Of silver per month and issue treasury notes that were equal to the cost of the silver/ gold.It increased the supply only slightly Civil-Service Reform: The Spoils System (party supporters get jobs) allowed unqualified people to et government official spots Rutherford Hayes supported civil service reform, and fired officials (Chester A. Arthur) in NYC corrupt government Garfield/Arthur for Rebus, James Weaver for Deems. After Garfield was killed, Arthur took over George Pendleton/Civil Service Reform League- Pendleton Civil Service Act, created exams standards of merit for jobs A Democrat in the White House- Grover Cleveland: Election was James Blaine for Rebus (offered favors to railroad for stock) vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Grover Cleveland or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .Cleveland for Deems (Illegitimate child Oops! ) Republican reformers like Godwin Scours supported Cleveland, were labeled Mumps (a traitor/ deserter Indian chief) Cleveland was a firm believer in laissez-fairer but did not like tariffs. Lowering them would reduce prices, slow trust creation He vetoed a bill that would give out more military pensions-?fraudulent claims were common and cost the government a lot Big Business Strikes Back- Benjamin Harrison: Benjamin Harrison (high tariff, corporation money to buy votes) for Rebus vs.. Cleveland (won popular vote, but lost overall) Rebus gave out surplus in litany pensions/medical care; enacted the McKinley Tariff, which pushed rates to a record high Agrarian Protest and the Rise of the Peoples Party: The Grange- Farmers organization that encouraged self-sufficiency, and fought against railroads (rate changes, discounts) Menu v. Illinois said Granger Laws were constitutional; Wabash v.Illinois said states cant regulate interstate railroad rates Farmers Alliance- End effects of crop-lien/debt, organize political strength. National Womens Alliance- Women Granges Alliances formed the Populist Party, nominated James Weaver. Tariff reduction, progressive income tax, silver coins) Sub-treasury plan: farmers store nonperishable merchandise in gob. Arouses, receive loans using crops, sell merchandise when prices rise African-Americans After Reconstruction: Used intimidation, fraud, and voting requirements (literacy, poll tax, property) to disenfranchise blacks; segregation /lynching Convict-lease system: employers leased prison gangs and forced them to work under slavery-like conditions Civil Rights Cases- Civil Rights Act was unconstitutional (cant protect from private citizens) Apples v.Ferguson- allowed segregated streetcars in Louisiana (equal facilities available to each race) Booker T. Washington urged accommodation to a racist society; T. Thomas Fortune insisted violence was the only way 1892- Populists Challenge the Status Quo: Election was Harrison vs.. Cleveland-?Cleveland worn. Populists got 8. 5% of votes, with 15 Congressmen.Support South/West capitalism in crisis- The Depression of 1893-1897: Panic caused by railroads overselling stock, decreased confidence on gold standard, pensions, pork-barrel spending, everyone converted stocks and erasure certificates to gold Coxes assembled an army to march against unemployment-?jobs should be created through public works projects Business Leaders Respond: Cleveland didnt pay attention to panic-?just to keeping gold up. Used bankers to lend gob. $62 mil for bonds (bought gold) Wilson-German tariff lowered duties, increased income tax. Pollock v.Farmers Loan/Trust said it was unconstitutional because the feds cant impose a direct tax on personal property without account to each states population 1894- The protest Grows Louder: William Jennings Bryan won Deem nomination of 1896, but McKinley beat him; Deems got destroyed by Rebus in Congress William H. Harvey wrote Coins Financial School that defended monetary silver, said it would end depression Silver Advocates Capture the Democratic Party: Bryan (Deem nomination) advocated free silver and therefore got support from the Populists 1896- The Republicans Triumphant: Republicans won president and Congress (supported by urban workers).Enacted Dingles Tariff (increase rates) and the Currency Act of 1900 (put America on gold standard). McKinley won reelection Roots of Expansionist Sentiment: Reasons why America started to expand- ) Competition with Europe /retain global dominance 2) Get foreign markets for economic prosperity 3) Alfred Thayer Amman said sea power-?national greatness.